Skip to content

Evidence base

Reference material behind the research: which European and open-source tools replace which American ones, what they cost in practice, and what you give up by moving. Every page states its assumptions and carries the date it was last reviewed. Corrections are welcome and are made with the change noted.

  • European software alternatives

    Six European and open-source replacements for the American software most organisations run by default, and where each one fits.

  • Office 365, Collabora and Proton compared

    The same file opened in all three suites, everyday tasks tested, and jurisdiction, encryption and real per-seat cost set side by side.

  • Replacing Microsoft 365

    What replaces what, what it costs, how the migration runs, and the questions organisations ask before committing.

  • Replacing Zoom

    Three legal regimes and one decision: why Proton Meet leads the list, and the trade-off in moving.

  • Moving off US software: a migration guide

    Classify by consequence first, then six steps, including what not to migrate yet, what it costs, and the failure modes to plan around.

  • Licensing cost model

    Compare per-seat licensing against open-source and European alternatives, with every assumption stated on the page.

Last reviewed .